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Computer Science Terminology in English and Chinese

In many specialised fields, there are specialised technical terminologies. People use specific terminologies to mean specific things.

This blog shows some common computer terminology in English and Chinese. To facilitate native Chinese speakers to understand English documents in Computer Science.


Contents


Commonly Used

invocate 调用

instance 实例

parameter 参数

variable 变量

synchronous 同步

asynchronous 异步

primitive type 原始类型,基本类型

explicit 显式

implicit 隐式

design, 设计

design pattern, 设计模式

Factory Pattern, 工厂模式

Abstract Factory Pattern, 抽象工厂模式

Singleton Pattern, 单例模式

Builder Pattern, 建造者模式

Prototype Pattern, 原型模式

Adapter Pattern, 适配器模式

Bridge, 桥接模式

Filter Pattern, 过滤器模式

Composite Pattern, 组合模式

Decorator Pattern, 装饰器模式

Facade Pattern, 外观模式

Flyweight Patter, 享元模式

Proxy Pattern, 代理模式

Command Patter, 命令模式

Interpreter Pattern, 解释器模式

Iterator Pattern, 迭代器模式

Mediator Pattern, 中介者模式

Observer Pattern, 观察者模式

State Pattern, 状态模式

Strategy Pattern, 策略模式

Template Pattern, 模板模式

Visitor Pattern, 访问者模式

design principle, 设计原则

Single Responsibility Principle,单一职责原则(SRP)

Open Closed Principle,开闭原则(OCP)

Liskov Substitution Principle,里氏替换原则(LSP)

Interface Segregation Principle, 接口隔离原则(ISP)

Dependence Inversion Principle, 依赖倒置原则(DIP)

KISS Principle,保持简单原则(Keep It Simple Silly),简单是一切之本,(Simplicity is the essence of everything)

DRY Principle,不自我重复原则(Don’t Repeat Yourself)

Acyclic Dependencies Principle,非循环依赖原则(ADP)

YAGNI Principle,不需要原则(You Aren’t Gonna Need It)

Object-oriented programming (OOP), 面向对象编程

Encapsulation, 封装

Inheritance, 继承

Polymorphism, 多态

Abstraction, 抽象

Override, 重写: 在子类中定义某方法与其父类有相同的名称和参数

Overload, 重载: 一个类中定义了多个同名的方法,它们或有不同的参数个数或有不同的参数类型

High cohesion and low coupling, 高内聚、低耦合

code quality, 代码质量

code analysis, 代码分析

Source Lines of Code,源代码行数 (SLOC)

Source Logical Line of Code,逻辑代码行数 (SLLOC)

Cyclomatic Complexity, 圈复杂度

Code Coverage,代码覆盖率

Nesting Levels,嵌套层数

Nested Function,嵌套函数

Indentation 缩进

Reliability,可靠性

Scalability,可扩展性

Maintainability,可维护性

Testability,可测试性

Analysability,可分析性

Readability, 可读性

Flexibility, 灵活性

Software

Software Modelling

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL), 线性时序逻辑

Transition Systems, 转换系统(变迁系统)

algorithm, 算法

分治算法:Divide and Conquer Algorithm

递归算法:Recursive Algorithm

贪心算法:Greedy Algorithm

动态规划算法:Dynamic Programming Algorithm

回溯算法:Backtracking Algorithm

搜索算法:Search Algorithm

图论算法:Graph Algorithm

字符串匹配算法:String Matching Algorithm

拓扑, topology

拓扑是数学中的一个分支,研究的是空间的形状和结构特征。拓扑主要关注对象之间的相对位置关系而不考虑具体的度量或距离。

拓扑排序:topological sort

偏序:partical order

拓扑有序:topological order

AOV网:activity on vertex network

AOE网:activity on edge network

关键路径:critical path

matching, 匹配

最大匹配:maximum matching

增广路径:augmenting matching

增广路径图:augmenting path graph

searching, 查找

线性查找(顺序查找):linear search

二分查找:binary search

分块查找:block search

散列查找:hash search

平均查找长度:average search length

hash table, 散列表

散列函数:hash function

直接定址法:immediately allocating method

数字分析法:digital analysis method

平方取中法:mid-square method

折叠法:folding method

除法:division method

随机数法:random number method

sort, 排序

内部排序:internal sort

外部排序:external sort

插入排序:insertion sort

随小增量排序:diminishing increment sort

选择排序:selection sort

堆排序:heap sort

快速排序:quick sort

归并排序:merge sort

基数排序:radix sort

拓扑排序:topological sort

平衡归并排序:balance merging sort

二路平衡归并排序:balance two-way merging sort

多步归并排序:ploy-phase merging sort

置换选择排序:replacement selection sort

data structure, 数据结构

data, 数据

数据抽象:data abstraction

数据元素:data element

数据对象:data object

数据项:data item

数据类型:data type

structure, 结构

逻辑结构:logical structure

物理结构:physical structure

线性结构:linear structure

非线性结构:nonlinear structure

data type, 数据类型

基本数据类型:atomic data type

线性表:linear list

栈:stack

队列:queue

字符串:string

数组:array

树:tree

图:graph

operation, 操作

查找,检索:searching

更新:updating

排序:sorting

插入:insert

删除:delete

前趋:predecessor

后继:successor

双端列表:deque (double-ended queue)

循环队列:circular queue

指针:pointer

先进先出表(队列):first-in first-out list

后进先出表(队列):last-in first out list

栈底:bottom

栈顶:top

压入:push

弹出:pop

队头:front

队尾:rear

上溢:overflow

下溢:underflow

matrix, 矩阵

数组:array

多维数组:multi-dimensional array

以行为主的顺序分配:row major order

以列为主的顺序分配:column major order

三角矩阵:triangular matrix

对称矩阵:symmetric matrix

稀疏矩阵:sparse matrix

转置矩阵:transposed matrix

linked list, 链表

线性链表:linear linked list

单链表:single linked list

多重链表:multi linked list

循环链表:circular linked list

双向链表:doubly linked list

十字链表:orthogonal list

广义表:generalized list

指针域:pointer field

链域:link field

头结点:head node

头指针:head pointer

尾指针:tail pointer

空白(空格)串:blank string

空串(零串):null string

子串:substring

tree, 树

子树:subtree

森林:forest

根:root

叶子:leaf

节点:node

深度:depth

层次:level

双亲:parents

孩子:children

兄弟:brother

祖先:ancestor

子孙:descendant

binary tree, 二叉树

平衡二叉树:balanced binary tree

满二叉树:full binary tree

完全二叉树:complete binary tree`

遍历二叉树:traversing binary tree

二叉排序树:binary sort tree

二叉查找树:binary search tree

线索二叉树:threaded binary tree

哈夫曼树:Huffman tree

有序树:ordered tree

无序树:unordered tree

判定树:decision tree

双链树:doubly linked tree

数字查找树:digital search tree

树的遍历:traversal of tree

先序遍历:pre-order traversal

中序遍历:in-order traversal

后序遍历:post-order traversal

graph, 图

子图:subgraph

有向图:DiGraph (directed graph)

无向图:UndiGraph (undirected graph)

完全图:complete graph

连通图:connected graph

非连通图:unconnected graph

强连通图:strongly connected graph

弱连通图:weakly connected graph

加权图:weighted graph

有向无环图:directed acyclic graph

稀疏图:spares graph

稠密图:dense graph

edge, 边

顶点:vertex

弧:arc

路径:path

回路(环):cycle

源点:source

终点:destination

汇点:sink

权:weight

连接点:articulation point

初始节点:initial node

终端节点:terminal node

相邻边:adjacent edge

相邻顶点:adjacent vertex

关联边:incident edge

入度:indegree

出度:outdegree

最短路径:shortest path

有序对:ordered pair

无序对:unordered pair

简单路径:simple path

连通分量:connected component

邻接矩阵:adjacency matrix

邻接表:adjacency list

邻接多重表:adjacency multi-list

生成树:spanning tree

最小(代价)生成树:minimum(cost) spanning tree

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